VRWM stands for Reverse Working Voltage (also known as Stand-off Voltage).
VRWM is the maximum continuous voltage that can be applied across the TVS diode/ESD protection diode in its reverse-biased direction without causing it to conduct.
This is essentially the maximum normal operating voltage - any voltage below this level won't trigger the diode's protection function, allowing your circuit to operate normally without interference from the protection device.
Clamping voltage is the maximum voltage that appears across a TVS diode when it's conducting surge current during a transient event.
The breakdown voltage of a TVS diode is the voltage threshold at which the diode transitions from its non-conducting state to its conducting state when reverse-biased. When the voltage across the TVS diode reaches the breakdown voltage, the diode begins to conduct current and starts providing protection. This is the "turn-on" point where the diode activates to clamp transient voltages. It is higher than the circuit's normal operating voltage but lower than the final clamping voltage.
The Peak Pulse Power (Ppp or PPP) is the maximum power the TVS diode can safely absorb during a short-duration transient pulse, typically specified for an 8/20μs or 10/1000μs waveform. It corresponds to IPP x VC.
The dynamic resistance is the resistance the TVS diode exhibits when it is conducting current during a transient event. It's calculated as the change in voltage divided by the change in current (ΔV/ΔI) in the conducting region and determines how much the voltage rises as current increases through the diode. Lower dynamic resistance is better because it means the clamping voltage stays closer to the breakdown voltage even as surge currents increase.
Lower capacitance is essential for maintaining signal integrity on high-speed interfaces such as USB, Ethernet, HDMI.